#Tweetadder review how to

Social media provide exciting opportunities that can ‘‘open up a new era’’ of social science research (Salganik 2018, p. These weaknesses make it pertinent to try out novel approaches to social science research. Particularly when dealing with events that happened in the distant past, respondents may not have a clear recollection of their own motivations or behaviors or perhaps their memory of the events has evolved with time and is no longer retrievable (Bhattacherjee 2012, p. Additionally, responses to survey questions often depend on subjects’ motivation, memory, and ability to respond. Regarding measurement error, there is increasing concern about the quality of data because many respondents tend to avoid negative opinions and try to portray themselves in a socially desirable manner, which impedes the researchers from getting truthful responses and prejudices the validity of the outcomes of the survey research. The low response rate is due in part to the response burden more specifically, surveys are reportedly boring, redundant, and frustrating for the respondents, and questionnaires are too long with questions people do not want to answer. Nowadays, surveys are up against the significant challenges of declining response rates and increased measurement errors, both with consequences on the validity of study results. It is extremely important to select a truly representative sample from the population of interest so that the inferences derived from the sample can be generalized back to the population. Surveys involve the administration of standardized questionnaires to a sample of respondents for the systematic collection of a wide variety of unobservable data. Surveys are a key method when conducting cross-sectional quantitative research in the social science field and permit the study of populations that are too large to observe exhaustively and that have individual people as the unit of analysis (Babbie 2017, p. Social science research is the activity of gathering, analyzing, and interpreting information to understand the why, when, where, what and how of social relationships between humans and their interactions within society. This review can be a methodological guide for professionals and academics who want to conduct social science research involving Twitter users and the Twitterverse. This paper contributes to this topic by presenting a systematic quantitative literature review of sampling plans designed and executed in the context of social science research in Twitter, including: (1) the definition of the target populations, (2) the sampling frames used to support sample selection, (3) the sampling methods used to obtain samples of Twitter users, (4) how data is collected from Twitter users, (5) the size of the samples, and (6) how research validity is addressed.

#Tweetadder review how to

The knowledge on how to select representative samples of users in the Twitterverse is still insufficient despite its relevance for reliable and valid research outcomes. The major rationale for this shift is that tweet-level sampling does not consider the fact that some core discussants on Twitter are much more active tweeters than other less active users, thus causing a sample biased towards the more active users. Researchers only recently began to question whether tweet-level sampling-in which the tweet is the sampling unit-should be replaced by user-level sampling-in which the user is the sampling unit. As Twitter is a huge universe, both in number of users and amount of data, sampling is generally required when using it for research purposes. All social media platforms can be used to conduct social science research, but Twitter is the most popular as it provides its data via several Application Programming Interfaces, which allows qualitative and quantitative research to be conducted with its members.